1Wing 1946-1996

 

• Dead stick landing on F-104G during a SABCA test flight from Gosselies on the 26th of February 1970.
• Story narrated by Serge Martin, SABCA Chief Test Pilot which has realized an outstanding achievement on that day.
• Article based on the Nr : 3-2011 from the VTB Magazine (*)
  (*) Quarterly report from the "Vieilles Tiges" of the Belgian Aviation.
• Investigation findings - Pictures.

 

 

February 26, 1970



Serge Martin, SABCA Chief test pilot, must conduct a test flight following the release from IRAN (1) inspection of a German F-104G. (cn 2044 - code 20+37 - Now displayed at Gatow Berlin Museum)
The Starfighter is normally operated by the JaboG 34 "Allgau" (2) from Memmingerberg airfield in Bavaria (G)

The ferry flight between the German aerospace society VFW (Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke) from Lemwerder (Bremen) and Gosselies has been done at the end of January without problem.

• A700226-01 F-104G sn 2044 A700226-01 F-104G sn 2044
• A700226-02 F-104G sn 2044 A700226-02 F-104G sn 2044
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The test flight starts with an acceleration till Mach 2 on a fly path located on a Bitburg-Florennes axis, and is followed by a climb (zoom) to 50,000 feet.
After setting the throttle to idle, the descent is initiated with the speed brakes extended.
Leveling off at 32,000 feet is planned to test the function of the Stick Shaker & Stick Pusher in all configurations.

• A700226-03 Fly Path A700226-03 Fly Path
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Let's read now the story narrated by Serge Martin, starting when his F-104G reaches 32,000 feet.
Two minutes and thirty seconds later, the flamed out engined Starfighter will be landing on the runway of Chièvres.

_____________________

I was about to reach 32,000 feet when I suddenly heart a Wind Down noise. My first diagnostic is a total electrical failure.
I reset both generators... Nothing happens !
I pull the RAT handle to extend the Ram Air Turbine and recover some electrical as well as hydraulic power.

I'm overflying Maubeuge on heading 340, with an engine that I guess running in Idle, and decide to go back to Gosselies.
I do a cockpit instruments check and find the EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature) indicator showing zero degrees.
RPM indicator shows 18 %.

• A700226-04 Instruments A700226-04 Instruments
• A700226-05 Instruments A700226-05 Instruments
•  

 

• Picture A700226-04 : The cockpit of the F-104G - The two release handles,  Main Landing Gear and Ram Air Turbine (RAT) are in yellow color - On the right, the engine instruments, with the TEMP (Exhaust Gas Temperature) and RPM indicators.
• Picture A700226-05 : The two forward panels including :
  • On the left, the two Start/Stop switches (START/STOP START)
  • On the right, the two generators control switches (GEN N°1 (ON RESET/OFF) & GEN N°2 (ON RESET/OFF)  

The lack of engine reaction following the throttle movement indicates that I'm in fact experiencing an engine flame-out.
I unsuccessfully try to relight the engine by switching-on both Engine START switches while advising Belga (3) controller that I have a flame-out... He replies instantly. 

- Simulated ?
- No, real !

 

I'm directly informed that I'm not too far away from Chièvres Air Base. The airfield is actually not in sight, being overcasted by a thin layer of altocumulus.
However I've made my decision, I'm going to proceed for a Force Landing ; my altitude is now 15,000 feet, and I'm heading Eastbound.
This is a procedure that I practice regulary during test flights, and even if all the conditions for a dead stick landing are not met, it's worth trying !
The fact this aircraft in particular is equiped with a zero-zero type ejection seat (4) makes me feel more comfortable to assess the actual situation.

I'm now focused on my airspeed indicator, 245 kts (TAKEOFF Flaps set) while following the instructions given by the controller.

• A700226-06 Max Glide Distance A700226-06 Max Glide Distance
• A700226-07 Flaps Handle A700226-07 Flaps Handle
• A700226-08 Forced Landing Pattern A700226-08 Forced Landing Pattern
•  

 

• Picture A700226-06 - 07 - 08 : Documents directly drawn from an original Flight Manual T.O. 1F-104G-1 (Technical Order 1F-F-104G-1 (dash one)
  Note the several Warnings (5) on the picture A700226-08 highlighting the risky parts of the procedure.

Chièvres emergency crew is ready. My descent rate indicator is reading 10,000 ft/min, the covered ground distance is around 10 Nm every minute.
During my final turn to RWY 09, I leave the airspeed reach 260 kts. I'm facing the runway which is approaching quickly.
The last thing to do before the landing is to release the gear by free-fall. I know that sequence is going to last between 4 and 5 seconds, the induced drag dramaticaly slowing down the aircraft.

On short final, considering to be at the proper distance to release the gear, I pull the Emergency Release Handle, and to my surprise, the wheels are going out almost instantly. (*)
I cross the runway threshold with an Airspeed of 180 kts, then I touch down in a high nose-up attitude.
The Drag-chute is working perfectly and stops the aircraft at mid runway.
After getting of the airplane, I do a turn-around inspection and find the aft fuselage slightly damaged due to impact with the runway during touchdown. 

 

(*) In Free-fall, the landing gear is supposed to be down and locked within 4 to 5 seconds at 220 kts.
With the airspeed at 260 kts, the landing gear is moving down more quickly and generates much more drag. 

 

 

The technical investigation team will quickly find the root cause of the flame-out. A screw is found in the Main Fuel Pump ; it broke some gears and finally blocked the pump.
That typical screw is normally used to secure the Main Fuel Pump Inlet cover, which is installed during heavy maintenance, when the engine is removed from the airplane.
One of the four screws has been replaced without worrying about the missing one.
I have received many sympathy messages, in particular from Lockheed and from some insurance companies as the Lloyd and Aviabel, who are insuring the SABCA aircraft.

• A700226-10 Lost Screw A700226-10 Lost Screw
• A700226-11 Main Fuel Pump A700226-11 Main Fuel Pump
• A700226-12 Main Fuel Pump A700226-12 Main Fuel Pump
• A700226-13 Main Fuel Pump gear A700226-13 Main Fuel Pump gear
•  

 

 

Serge Martin. 

 

• A700226-15 Serge Martin A700226-15 Serge Martin
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Serge Martin successfully performed a very delicate and risky procedure, on February 26 1970, however this procedure is detailed in the Dash One (Flight Manual)

His professionalism, as well as the excellent team work with the controller of Semmerzake, the Adjudant Hyman, saved a Fighter Aircraft, and prevented substantial damage to third parties resulting of an ejection.

This achievement hit the headlines the following days:

- "The chief test pilot successfully perform an unprecedent achievement"
- "Serge Martin, the man who survived the Starfighter"

Kelly Johnson, Lockheed Senio Vice President, designer of the Lockheed U-2, SR-71 Blackbird, F-104 Starfighter, and Glen.L "Snake" Reeves, Lockheed Test Pilot, gave him an "Award for Flying Excellence" with the following mention :

 

 

« It is with great pleasure that we recognize the magnificent skill that you displayed in landing your Starfighter after a Flame Out.
The Rarity of dead-engine landings has increased to the point of non-existence with the increasing performance of supersonic fighter aircraft.
This makes your feat all the more remarkable and bespeaks exceedingly well for your cool courage under stress.
Our studies of the time history of the emergency have revealed the sharp, professional manner in which you conducted yourself and handled your aircraft.
Therefore, we note with pride your outstanding pilotage and loyal dedication to the challenges and responsabilities inherent in the exclusive realm of the test flying.
Congratulations on a marvelous job ! "

 

• A700226-20 Lockheed Award for Flying Excellence A700226-20 Lockheed Award for Flying Excellence
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_______________________________

 

(1) IRAN : Inspect and Repair As Necessary.
(2) Jagdbombergeschwader 34
(3) BELGA : Ground Control dedicated to the military air traffic control.
(4) The German Luftwaffe which used the F-104G as a low level attack plane was equipped with a Martin Baker ejection seat with 0-0 capability. (Ejection altitude zero - Airspeed zero)
(5) Warning statements are a description of a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in serious injury or death.